TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF!
Shortly after the discovery of X-rays, chiropractors began to use this tool in the examination and care of the spine. In addition to revealing the presence or absence of the proper curves in the spine, the lateral view of the spine can more easily show the long-term effects of uncorrected spinal trauma.
Understanding Spinal Degeneration Stages
Spinal degeneration stages refer to the progressive deterioration of the spine due to a variety of factors, including neglect and vertebral misalignment. Much like dental caries, this condition can affect anyone, regardless of age. Many people mistakenly attribute spinal degeneration to normal ageing. However, it is crucial to understand that this degenerative process often results from not addressing vertebral misalignments. Over time, your body reacts to the stress of gravity, leading to these degeneration stages.
Four Phases in the Process
Spinal degeneration is a process. Whether you take four pictures of the process or twenty-three; it is a process. We use the four-phase model based on the book “Managing Low Back Pain” by W.H. Kirkaldy-Willis and Thomas Bernard, Jr., as well as the book “Anatomical-Roentgenographic Studies of the Spine” by Lee A. Hadley, M.D. This model effectively highlights the differences between each phase, enabling our practice members to appreciate what they are observing.
NORMAL CURVATURE
Although spinal degeneration stages can occur anywhere in the spine, it is easiest to observe in the cervical spine (neck). The lateral view of the neck should display a graceful curvature forward. The edges of each bone are well-defined, and there should be uniform disc space between each vertebra. Additionally, the openings for the nerve roots must remain clear and unobstructed.
This would be considered a “normal” curvature of the neck viewed laterally.
THE FIRST PHASE
In the first phase of spinal degeneration stages, we observe a loss of curvature due to physical stress on the spine. The seven cervical vertebrae should maintain their curvature, which helps cushion the weight of the head over the rest of the spine. Changes in the following phases can result from increased weight on the vertebrae, which may attempt to become stronger. If left untreated, this phase will progress to the next.
The affected bones have lost their individuality and their ability to move.
THE SECOND PHASE
If neglected, the second phase of spinal degeneration stages sees the joint surfaces lose their clearly defined edges, with the first signs of bone spurs becoming visible on X-ray views. Some believe the body detects inflammation as a signal of a broken bone, initiating the process of calcium salt deposition. Without being in a mould to prevent movement, fusion does not occur. Left untreated, this phase will progress to the next.
The bones appear to be closing over the discs, and the soft tissues (nerves) are affected with possible irreversible injuries.
THIRD PHASE
As spinal degeneration stages progress to Phase Three, the issue worsens. Surprisingly, pain and other evident symptoms may not yet manifest. However, the body attempts to “repair the broken bone,” a process that can last for years. This duration raises questions about the common statement from practice members that they were “… fine until last week when I bent down to tie my shoes.” The X-rays tell a different story! If untreated, this phase will progress to the next.
The bones appear fused and do not allow soft tissues to exit through the intervertebral holes.
FOURTH PHASE
Phase Four is critical, as it indicates that the brain-body message cannot pass, potentially resulting in the death of an organ. In severe cases, this could lead to the need for a transplant or, sadly, the death of the individual, depending on the affected organ. This phase is often not included in manuals as little can be done at this stage.
The Prognosis
Some practice members who began chiropractic care in Phase One discover a restoration of their spinal curves and an improvement in their range of motion. Success for those in Phase Two is less predictable and depends on various factors. Although little can be done after decades of neglect in cases of Phase Three and Four, we focus on areas of the spine that have not yet been lost in the process. It is challenging to predict how chiropractic care will affect your case in slowing, stopping, or reversing this degenerative process. A particular phase cannot determine the amount of care necessary.
Marc Bony, DC
